According to the share of queries which 2 search engines are at the top in countries like United States, United Kingdom, Russia and China.

The ranking of the search engines in the above four countries matters a lot. In both the United States and United Kingdom it’s either Google and Bing or Google and You tube. Though there is often an argument whether Youtube and Google should be given consideration or not as Youtube is technically owned by Google. In China Baidu ranks 1st and Google ranks 2nd while in Russia Yandex and Google ranks 1st and 2nd respectively.

What is better? Having 10 links from 1 website or 1 link from 10 different websites?

Having 1 link form 10 different sites will have a far more positive impact on a page’s search engine ranking rather than having 10 links from 1 website. The more diversity a page has the more popularity it gains and thus it helps the page to get a higher ranking.

The response given by the search engine to 301 response code, 302 response code, canonical URL tag and meta refresh.

In case when a page is permanently redirected to a new URL the 301 response code may be used. The 301 redirect tells browsers and and search engines that a page has been permanently redirected to a new URL whereas in case when a page is temporarily redirected a 302 response code may be used. In case of 301 redirect search engines like Google and Bing pass the link equity and ranking metrics from 301’s URL to the target page. This happens with the 302 redirect in very exceptional case.

When multiple pages contain the same content a canonical URL tag is used to tell the search engines which page should be indexed. A <link rel> should be placed in the header of the document that is used to indicate to the search engines which is the “original” or “canonical” version.

The meta refresh placed in the header of the document indicates that the browser should be redirected to a new location after a specific amount of time has passed. Usually longer meta refreshes are indexed as normal by the search engines whereas short refreshes are treated as permanent redirects.

The concepts of “fat head”, “long tail” and search query demand distribution.

When it comes to performing searches the concept of “fat head” and “long tail” comes into picture. There are billions of searches performed every month by billions of people. About 70% of the total searches are such that they are searched for less than 10 times per month. Such distribution is represented in the demand distribution as a “long tail”. The other words or phrases which are searched for millions of times constitute the “fat head” of the distribution.

How can a search engine be influenced to increase the ratio of pages that it will crawl and index on a website.

There are many possible ways to do so. However doing it smartly is very important. Some of the ways would include keeping the navigation and architecture as simple as possible. Also reducing the click depth of the target pages will be beneficial. Trying to keep the quantity of low quality and low value links as low as possible. Also pages with less unique content should be less. Getting more links to pages that are being passed over for crawling or indexing. Having RSS feeds of pages that are frequently updated will be beneficial.

Which parts on the page where target keyword is employed influences the search engine rankings in a positive way.

Having the keyword in the title element, domain name, sub domain, URL string, body element, alt attribute bold/strong tag/italic tag and heading tags are some of the main areas which will certainly help influence the rankings in a positive way.

What impact does the meta robots tag have?

There are certain pages which are exclusive to certain organizations and not intended for display. In such cases a meta robot tag can be used to specify whether a page should be included in the public display of search engine or not. Also the tag can be used to prevent the usage of snippet from open directories.